尽管医生反复解释手术的必要性，病人的固执仍然使他拒绝接受治疗。

Despite the doctor's repeated explanations about the necessity of surgery, the patient's ___obduracy made him refuse the treatment.

尽管受害者家属苦苦哀求，法官的冷酷无情令人心寒。

Despite the victims' families' desperate pleas, the judge's ___obduracy was chilling.