mantle

火山被一层厚厚的岩石覆盖着。

The volcano was covered by a thick ___mantle of rock.

她继承了家族企业的经营重任。

She assumed the ___mantle of running the family business.

父亲去世后，长子不情愿地担起了家族领导的重担。

The eldest son reluctantly shouldered the ___mantle of family leadership after his father's passing.