在20世纪40年代，医生们有时会对抑郁症患者实施脑叶切断术。

In the 1940s, doctors sometimes performed ___lobotomy on patients with severe depression.

这次政府改革就像一场政治上的脑叶切除术，抹杀了公民的独立思考能力。

The government reform acted like a political ___lobotomy, erasing citizens' ability to think independently.