暴风雪造成了学校课程的严重中断。

The snowstorm caused a major ___disruption to the school schedule.

电动汽车的兴起给传统燃油车行业带来了颠覆性变革。

The rise of electric vehicles has caused major ___disruption in the traditional auto industry.

系统升级导致了在线支付服务的短暂中断。

The system upgrade caused a temporary ___disruption to the online payment service.