某些蜥蜴物种可以通过孤雌生殖繁殖后代，不需要雄性参与。

Some lizard species can produce offspring through ___parthenogenesis without the need for males.

一些昆虫可以通过孤雌生殖繁殖后代，不需要雄性参与。

Some insects can reproduce through ___parthenogenesis without male involvement.