学校正在通过签署协议将这次合作正式化。

The school is ___formalizing the collaboration by signing an agreement.

他们正在将这份口头协议正式化，以减少未来的误解。

They are ___formalizing this verbal agreement to avoid future misunderstandings.

语言学家正在将语法规则形式化为一个清晰的体系。

The linguist is ___formalizing the grammar rules into a clear system.