他在花园里忙着剥掉树皮。

He was busy ___stripping the bark off the tree in the garden.

法官决定剥夺他的选举权。

The judge decided on ___stripping him of his voting rights.

酒吧里的舞者随着音乐节奏表演脱衣舞。

The dancer was ___stripping to the rhythm of the music at the bar.

工人们正在拆解旧洗衣机以回收零件。

The workers are ___stripping the old washing machine to recycle its parts.