After years of research, the scientists finally harvested significant findings from their experiments.

harvested 是动词 harvest 的过去式。harvest 本义指"收获农作物"，在这里用作比喻意义，表示"获得、取得（研究成果）"。就像农民收获庄稼一样，科学家通过长期研究获得了实验成果。