这些铜制餐具如果长时间不擦，很容易失去光泽。

These copper utensils will ___tarnish easily if not polished regularly.

这些虚假指控可能会玷污他在业界的良好声誉。

These false accusations could ___tarnish his excellent reputation in the industry.

这场丑闻严重损害了政治家的声誉。

The scandal severely ___tarnished the politician's reputation.