As their land was acquired by large corporations, many farmers experienced proletarianization and had to become factory workers.

proletarianization 是由名词 proletarian（无产阶级）加上后缀 -ization 构成的名词。proletarian 来自拉丁语 proletarius（古罗马最底层的公民），指没有财产、靠出卖劳动力为生的工人阶级。-ization 是表示"过程"或"状态变化"的名词后缀。proletarianization 合起来表示"无产阶级化"，即从其他阶级转变为无产阶级的过程。